Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) was a United Nations program that defined as education that encourages changes in knowledge, skills, values and attitudes to enable a more sustainable and just society for all. ESD aims to empower and equip current and future generations to meet their needs using a balanced and integrated approach to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. ESD is the term most used internationally and by the United Nations. Agenda 21 was the first international document that identified education as an essential tool for achieving sustainable development and highlighted areas of action for education.
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Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) was a United Nations program that defined as education that encourages changes in knowledge, skills, values and attitudes to enable a more sustainable and just society for all[1]. ESD aims to empower and equip current and future generations to meet their needs using a balanced and integrated approach to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. ESD is the term most used internationally and by the United Nations.[2] Agenda 21 was the first international document that identified education as an essential tool for achieving sustainable development and highlighted areas of action for education[3][4].
ESD is a component of measurement in an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG) for "responsible consumption and production". SDG 12 has 11 targets and Target 12.8 is "By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature."[5]
One definition of Education for Sustainable Development is an "interdisciplinary learning methodology covering the integrated social, economic, and environmental aspects of formal and informal curriculum". [6] This educational ideology recognizes modern-day environmental challenges and seeks to define new ways to adjust to a changing biosphere, as well as engage individuals to address societal issues that come with them [7] The Brundtland Commission defined sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present generation without putting at risk the capacity of generations to come in meeting their own requirements.[8] This Agency used to be the World Commission on Environment and Development created in 1983.[9] The idea of sustainable development originated from the United Nations Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm (Sweden 1972).[10] There were two more global activities since then. These were the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development 1987 (Our Common Future Report)[11] and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 1992 (Rio Earth Summit).[12]
For UNESCO, education for sustainable development involves:
integrating key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning. This may include, for example, instruction about climate change, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, and poverty reduction and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behaviours and take action for sustainable development. ESD consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way.[13][14]
Today, educators are working on creating an effective way for this information to be taught and used appropriately. [15]The Sustainable Development Goals are 17 goals that were established by the UN in 2015. [16] SDG 4 focuses on Education and target 4.7 aims to make sure that people are given the knowledge and skills to promote sustainable development.[17] SDG 12 concentrates on Responsible Consumption and Production and target 12.8 aims to make sure that everyone has the information and "awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature".[18] Target 12.B under Goal 12 also aims to measure the impacts of sustainable development for sustainable tourism to create jobs and promote local culture and products.[19]
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